References
Articles describing GEM/GEMCLIM
CRCM5:
GEM3 global:
- Bélair, S., M. Roch, A.-M. Leduc, P. A. Vaillancourt, S. Laroche, and
J. Mailhot, 2009: Medium-range quantitative precipitation
forecasts from Canada’s new 33-km deterministic global operational
system. Wea. Forecasting, 24, 690–708.
GEM3 evolving
towards GEM4:
- Girard, C., A. Plante et al., 2014: Staggered
Vertical
Discretization of the Canadian Environmental Multiscale (GEM) Model
Using a Coordinate of the Log-Hydrostatic-Pressure Type. Monthly Weather Review, DOI:
10.1175/MWR-D-13-00255.1
Click here
to see the paper.
Physics of GEM5:
Articles describing the original dynamical
core of GEM
- Côté, J., S. Gravel, A. Méthot, A. Patoine, M. Roch and A. Staniforth,
1998 a: The operational CMC-MRB global
environmental multiscale (GEM) model. Part I: Design considerations
and formulation. Mon. Wea.
Rev., 126, 1373-1395.
- Côté, J., J.-G. Desmarais, S. Gravel, A. Méthot, A. Patoine, M. Roch
and A. Staniforth, 1998 b: The
operational CMC-MRB global environmental multiscale (GEM) model. Part
II: Results. Mon. Wea. Rev.,
126, 1397-1418.
Articles describing physics
schemes of GEM/GEMCLIM
Li and Barker
correlated-k radiation: "RADIA = cccmarad":
- Li, J. and H.W. Barker (2005): A
radiation algorithm with correlated-k distribution. Part I: local
thermal equilibrium. J.
Atmos. Sci., 62,
286-309.
McFarlane
gravity-wave drag: "GWDRAG = gwd86":
-
- McFarlane, N.A. (1987): The effect
of orographically excited gravity-wave drag on the circulation of the
lower stratosphere and troposphere. J.
Atmos. Sci., 44,
1175-1800
Orographic blocking:
"DRAG =.true.":
- Zadra, A., M. Roch, S. Laroche and M. Charron (2003): The
subgrid scale orographic blocking parametrization of the GEM model.
Atmos.-Ocean, 41:2,
155-170, DOI: 10.3137/ao.410204
Boundary layer schemes: :
- Bougeault, Philippe, and Pierre Lacarrere (1989): Parameterization
of orography-induced turbulence in a mesobeta--scale model. Monthly
weather review 117.8: 1872-1890.
- Benoit, R.,
Côté, J., Mailhot, J. (1989). Inclusion of
a TKE Boundary Layer Parameterization in the Canadian Regional
Finite-Element Model. Monthly
Weather Review, 117(8), 1726-1750.
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1989)117<1726:IOATBL>2.0.CO;2
- Bélair, S.,
Mailhot, J., Girard, C., and Vaillancourt, P. (2005). Boundary
Layer and Shallow Cumulus Clouds in a Medium-Range Forecast of a
Large-Scale Weather System. Monthly weather review
133(7), 1938-1960.
https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR2958.1
Kain and Fritsch
convection: "CONVEC = kfc, KFCPCP = conspcpn":
- Kain, J.S. and J.M. Fritsch (1990): A
one-dimensional entraining/detraining plume model and application in
convective parameterization. J.
Atmos. Sci., 47,
2784-2802.
- Kain J.S., Fritsch J.M. (1993) Convective Parameterization
for Mesoscale Models: The Kain-Fritsch Scheme. In: Emanuel
K.A., Raymond D.J. (eds) The Representation of Cumulus Convection in
Numerical Models. Meteorological Monographs. American Meteorological
Society, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-935704-13-3_16
Shallow convection:
"SHLCVT = conres, ktrsnt":
- Bélair S, Mailhot J, Girard C, Vaillancourt P (2005): Boundary-layer
and shallow cumulus clouds in a medium-range forecast of a large-scale
weather system. Mon Weather
Rev., 133, 1938-1960
Sundquist
condensation: "STCOND = consun":
- Sundqvist, H., E. Berge and J.E. Kristjansson (1989): Condensation
and
Cloud Parameterization Studies with a Mesoscale Numerical Weather
Prediction Model. Mon. Wea.
Rev., 117, 1641-1657.
Prediction
Particles Properties (P3):
- C. Jouan, J. A. Milbrandt, P. A. Vaillancourt, F. Chosson, and H.
Morrison (2020): Adaptation of the Predicted Particles
Properties (P3) Microphysics Scheme for Large-Scale Numerical Weather
Prediction. Weather and Forecasting, p. 2541–2565,
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1175/WAF-D-20-0111.1
Land
surface scheme: "SCHMSOL = ISBA":
- Bélair, S., L-P. Crevier, J. Mailhot, B. Bilodeau, and Y. Delage
(2003): Operational Implementation of
the ISBA Land Surface Scheme in the Canadian Regional Weather Forecast
Model. Part I: Warm Season Results. J.
Hydromet., 4, Issue 2,
352–370
- Bélair, S., R. Brown, J. Mailhot, B. Bilodeau, and L.-P. Crevier
(2003): Operational Implementation of
the ISBA Land Surface Scheme in the Canadian Regional Weather Forecast
Model. Part II: Cold Season Results. J.
Hydromet., 4, Issue 2,
371–386
Non-native
GEM schemes:
Land surface scheme: "SCHMSOL =
CLASS":
- D. L. Verseghy (1991): CLASS--A
Canadian Land Surface Scheme for GCMS: I. Soil Model. International
Journal of Climatology IJCLEU, vol. p 111-133, p. 44
- D. L. Verseghy, N. A. McFarlane, and M. Lazare (1993): CLASS-A
Canadian land surface scheme for GCMS, II. Vegetation model and
coupled runs. Int. J.
Climatol., vol. 13,
no. 4, pp. 347-370
- D. L. Verseghy (2000): The Canadian
Land Surface Scheme (CLASS): its history and future. Atmosphere-Ocean,
vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 1-1
Lake scheme: "LAKES
= FLake":
- Mironov, D., Heise, E., Kourzeneva, E., Ritter, B., Schneider, N. and
co-authors. (2010): Implementation of the lake parameterisation
scheme FLake into the numerical weather prediction model COSMO.
Boreal Environ. Res.15, 218-230.
Articles describing the geophysical fields
Geophysical
fields (USGS aka GLC2000):
- E. Bartholomé and A. S. Belward, 2005: GLC2000:
a
new approach to global land cover mapping from Earth observation data.
International Journal of Remote
Sensing, 26:9, 1959-1977,
DOI: 10.1080/01431160412331291297
Author: Katja Winger
Last update: September 2014