References

Articles describing GEM/GEMCLIM

• Zadra A., D. Caya, J. Côté, B. Dugas, C. Jones, R. Laprise, K. Winger and L.-P. Caron, 2008: The next Canadian Regional Climate Model. Physics in Canada, 64, No. 2

Articles describing the original dynamical core of GEM

• Côté, J., S. Gravel, A. Méthot, A. Patoine, M. Roch and A. Staniforth, 1998 a: The operational CMC-MRB global environmental multiscale (GEM) model. Part I: Design considerations and formulation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 1373-1395.
• Côté, J., J.-G. Desmarais, S. Gravel, A. Méthot, A. Patoine, M. Roch and A. Staniforth, 1998 b: The operational CMC-MRB global environmental multiscale (GEM) model. Part II: Results. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 1397-1418.

Articles describing physics schemes of GEM/GEMCLIM

PDF: Descriptions of GEM physics version 3.6 from 1998

• Li, J. and H.W. Barker, 2005: A radiation algorithm with correlated-k distribution. Part I: local thermal equilibrium. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 286-309.

• Kain, J.S. and J.M. Fritsch, 1990: A one-dimensional entraining/detraining plume model and application in convective parameterization. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 2784-2802.

• Bélair S, Mailhot J, Girard C, Vaillancourt P, 2005: Boundary-layer and shallow cumulus clouds in a medium-range forecast of a large-scale weather system. Mon Weather Rev., 133, 1938-1960

• Sundqvist, H., E. Berge and J.E. Kristjansson, 1989: Condensation and Cloud Parameterization Studies with a Mesoscale Numerical Weather Prediction Model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 1641-1657.

• Bélair, S., L-P. Crevier, J. Mailhot, B. Bilodeau, and Y. Delage, 2003: Operational Implementation of the ISBA Land Surface Scheme in the Canadian Regional Weather Forecast Model. Part I: Warm Season Results. J. Hydromet., 4, Issue 2, 352–370
• Bélair, S., R. Brown, J. Mailhot, B. Bilodeau, and L.-P. Crevier, 2003: Operational Implementation of the ISBA Land Surface Scheme in the Canadian Regional Weather Forecast Model. Part II: Cold Season Results. J. Hydromet., 4, Issue 2, 371–386

• D. L. Verseghy, 1991: CLASS--A Canadian Land Surface Scheme for GCMS: I. Soil Model. International Journal of Climatology IJCLEU, vol. p 111-133, p. 44
• D. L. Verseghy, N. A. McFarlane, and M. Lazare, 1993: CLASS-A Canadian land surface scheme for GCMS, II. Vegetation model and coupled runs. Int. J. Climatol., vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 347-370
• D. L. Verseghy, 2000: The Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS): its history and future. Atmosphere-Ocean, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 1-1

• McFarlane, N.A., 1987: The effect of orographically excited gravity-wave drag on the circulation of the lower stratosphere and troposphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 1175-1800

• Zadra, A., M. Roch, S. Laroche and M. Charron, 2003: The subgrid scale orographic blocking parametrization of the GEM model. Atmos.-Ocean, 41, 155-170.

• E. Bartholomé and A. S. Belward, 2005: GLC2000: a new approach to global land cover mapping from Earth observation data. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 26:9, 1959-1977, DOI: 10.1080/01431160412331291297

• Girard, C., A. Plante et al., 2014: Staggered Vertical Discretization of the Canadian Environmental Multiscale (GEM) Model Using a Coordinate of the Log-Hydrostatic-Pressure Type. Monthly Weather Review, DOI: 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00255.1
  Click here to see the paper.